【Spring Boot】邮件发送

Spring Boot

发布日期: 2020-08-16

作者: 叶遮沉阳

文章字数: 1.5k

阅读时长: 7 分

阅读次数:

1. 前言

本文介绍如何在Spring Boot项目中引入邮件发送模块。

2. 引入

2.1 版本

<spring.boot.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring.boot.version>
<jasypt.version>2.1.1</jasypt.version>
<hutool.version>5.0.0</hutool.version>

密码加密用到了jasypt。

2.2 依赖

<!-- Spring Boot 邮件依赖 -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>

<!--jasypt配置文件加解密-->
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.github.ulisesbocchio</groupId>
  <artifactId>jasypt-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
  <version>${jasypt.version}</version>
</dependency>

<!-- Spring Boot 模板依赖 -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
  <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
  <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
</dependency>

3. 配置

spring:
  mail:
    host: smtp.sina.com
    port: 465
    username: yezhechenyang@sina.com
    # 使用 jasypt 加密密码(授权码)，替换 ENC(加密密码)，注意不是登录密码
    password: ENC(XSOFdVEmRIkXTf7Pze9i5rS+byUWecuLbgLAr+mTzf0=) 
    protocol: smtp
    test-connection: true
    default-encoding: UTF-8
    properties:
      mail.smtp.auth: true
      mail.smtp.starttls.enable: true
      mail.smtp.starttls.required: true
      mail.smtp.ssl.enable: true
      mail.display.sendmail: spring-boot-demo
# 为 jasypt 配置解密秘钥
jasypt:
  encryptor:
    password: spring-boot-demo

4. 提供邮件服务接口

4.1 `MailService`

public interface MailService {
    /**
     * 发送文本邮件
     *
     * @param to      收件人地址
     * @param subject 邮件主题
     * @param content 邮件内容
     * @param cc      抄送地址
     */
    void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content, String... cc);

    /**
     * 发送HTML邮件
     *
     * @param to      收件人地址
     * @param subject 邮件主题
     * @param content 邮件内容
     * @param cc      抄送地址
     * @throws MessagingException 邮件发送异常
     */
    void sendHtmlMail(String to, String subject, String content, String... cc) throws MessagingException;

    /**
     * 发送带附件的邮件
     *
     * @param to       收件人地址
     * @param subject  邮件主题
     * @param content  邮件内容
     * @param filePath 附件地址
     * @param cc       抄送地址
     * @throws MessagingException 邮件发送异常
     */
    void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, String filePath, String... cc) throws MessagingException;

    /**
     * 发送正文中有静态资源的邮件
     *
     * @param to      收件人地址
     * @param subject 邮件主题
     * @param content 邮件内容
     * @param rscPath 静态资源地址
     * @param rscId   静态资源id
     * @param cc      抄送地址
     * @throws MessagingException 邮件发送异常
     */
    void sendResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath, String rscId, String... cc) throws MessagingException;

}

4.2 `MailServiceImpl`

Service
public class MailServiceImpl implements MailService {
    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;
    @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
    private String from;

    /**
     * 发送文本邮件
     *
     * @param to      收件人地址
     * @param subject 邮件主题
     * @param content 邮件内容
     * @param cc      抄送地址
     */
    @Override
    public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content, String... cc) {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setFrom(from);
        message.setTo(to);
        message.setSubject(subject);
        message.setText(content);
        if (ArrayUtil.isNotEmpty(cc)) {
            message.setCc(cc);
        }
        mailSender.send(message);
    }

    /**
     * 发送HTML邮件
     *
     * @param to      收件人地址
     * @param subject 邮件主题
     * @param content 邮件内容
     * @param cc      抄送地址
     * @throws MessagingException 邮件发送异常
     */
    @Override
    public void sendHtmlMail(String to, String subject, String content, String... cc) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
        helper.setFrom(from);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(content, true);
        if (ArrayUtil.isNotEmpty(cc)) {
            helper.setCc(cc);
        }
        mailSender.send(message);
    }

    /**
     * 发送带附件的邮件
     *
     * @param to       收件人地址
     * @param subject  邮件主题
     * @param content  邮件内容
     * @param filePath 附件地址
     * @param cc       抄送地址
     * @throws MessagingException 邮件发送异常
     */
    @Override
    public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, String filePath, String... cc) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();

        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
        helper.setFrom(from);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(content, true);
        if (ArrayUtil.isNotEmpty(cc)) {
            helper.setCc(cc);
        }
        FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));
        String fileName = filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf(File.separator));
        helper.addAttachment(fileName, file);

        mailSender.send(message);
    }

    /**
     * 发送正文中有静态资源的邮件
     *
     * @param to      收件人地址
     * @param subject 邮件主题
     * @param content 邮件内容
     * @param rscPath 静态资源地址
     * @param rscId   静态资源id
     * @param cc      抄送地址
     * @throws MessagingException 邮件发送异常
     */
    @Override
    public void sendResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath, String rscId, String... cc) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();

        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
        helper.setFrom(from);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(content, true);
        if (ArrayUtil.isNotEmpty(cc)) {
            helper.setCc(cc);
        }
        FileSystemResource res = new FileSystemResource(new File(rscPath));
        helper.addInline(rscId, res);

        mailSender.send(message);
    }
}

5. 测试

5.1 测试基类

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringBootDemoEmailApplicationTests {

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
    }

}

5.2 测试授权码加密

@EnableAutoConfiguration(exclude= MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration.class)
public class PasswordTest extends SpringBootDemoEmailApplicationTests {
    @Autowired
    private StringEncryptor encryptor;

    /**
     * 生成加密密码
     */
    @Test
    public void testGeneratePassword() {
        // 你的邮箱密码(不是账号登录密码，而是授权码，是给第三方客户端登录的密码)
        String password = "Just4Test!";
        // 加密后的密码(注意：配置上去的时候需要加 ENC(加密密码))
        String encryptPassword = encryptor.encrypt(password);
        String decryptPassword = encryptor.decrypt(encryptPassword);

        System.out.println("password = " + password);
        System.out.println("encryptPassword = " + encryptPassword);
        System.out.println("decryptPassword = " + decryptPassword);
    }
}

5.3 测试发送邮件

public class MailServiceTest extends SpringBootDemoEmailApplicationTests {
    @Autowired
    private MailService mailService;
    @Autowired
    private TemplateEngine templateEngine;
    @Autowired
    private ApplicationContext context;

    /**
     * 测试简单邮件
     */
    @Test
    public void sendSimpleMail() {
        mailService.sendSimpleMail("237497819@qq.com", "这是一封简单邮件", "这是一封普通的SpringBoot测试邮件");
    }

    /**
     * 测试HTML邮件
     *
     * @throws MessagingException 邮件异常
     */
    @Test
    public void sendHtmlMail() throws MessagingException {
        Context context = new Context();
        context.setVariable("project", "Spring Boot Demo");
        context.setVariable("author", "Yangkai.Shen");
        context.setVariable("author", "YeZheChenYang");

        String emailTemplate = templateEngine.process("welcome", context); //classpath:/template/welcome.html
        mailService.sendHtmlMail("237497819@qq.com", "这是一封模板HTML邮件", emailTemplate);
    }

    /**
     * 测试HTML邮件，自定义模板目录
     *
     * @throws MessagingException 邮件异常
     */
    @Test
    public void sendHtmlMail2() throws MessagingException {

        SpringResourceTemplateResolver templateResolver = new SpringResourceTemplateResolver();
        templateResolver.setApplicationContext(context);
        templateResolver.setCacheable(false);
        templateResolver.setPrefix("classpath:/email/");
        templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");

        templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);

        Context context = new Context();
        context.setVariable("project", "Spring Boot Demo");
        context.setVariable("author", "Yangkai.Shen");
        context.setVariable("url", "https://github.com/xkcoding/spring-boot-demo");

        String emailTemplate = templateEngine.process("test", context); //classpath:/email/test.html
        mailService.sendHtmlMail("237497819@qq.com", "这是一封模板HTML邮件", emailTemplate);
    }

    /**
     * 测试附件邮件
     *
     * @throws MessagingException 邮件异常
     */
    @Test
    public void sendAttachmentsMail() throws MessagingException {
        URL resource = ResourceUtil.getResource("static/xkcoding.png");
        mailService.sendAttachmentsMail("237497819@qq.com", "这是一封带附件的邮件", "邮件中有附件，请注意查收！", resource.getPath());
    }

    /**
     * 测试静态资源邮件
     *
     * @throws MessagingException 邮件异常
     */
    @Test
    public void sendResourceMail() throws MessagingException {
        String rscId = "xkcoding";
        String content = "<html><body>这是带静态资源的邮件<br/><img src=\'cid:" + rscId + "\' ></body></html>";
        URL resource = ResourceUtil.getResource("static/xkcoding.png");
        mailService.sendResourceMail("237497819@qq.com", "这是一封带静态资源的邮件", content, resource.getPath(), rscId);
    }
}